Wrongly accused of an
airspace infringement?

A single radar plot can place your aircraft up to 926 metres from its true position — and the airspace boundary drawn on the controller's screen can be a further 450 metres from where it actually is. Both are within the certified specification. If the alleged infringement is smaller than those tolerances, the evidence is not capable of proving it occurred.

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Max single-plot position error
926 m
0.5 NM — a single en-route radar plot can be this far from the aircraft's true position and still be within specification. EUROCONTROL ESASSP 5N_C-R5
Max boundary map error
450 m
0.25 NM — permitted offset of the displayed airspace boundary from its true surveyed position. CAP 670 SUR11.131
Combined worst-case
~1.4 km
Radar error (926 m) + map error (450 m) acting in the same direction — both within certified specification.
Combined altitude error
up to 300 ft
Encoding (±125 ft), display quantisation (±100 ft), and altimeter error (±75 ft) — all within normal operation. ICAO Annex 10 Vol. IV